When I lived towards Bahrain while in the late 1970s and through the 1980s, I thought Muslim lady were steadily evolving away from the covered heads and dark cloaks (abayas) of earlier decades. I almost never saw someone with a veil over the woman face.
True, the Khomeini Revolution forced Iranian woman back into dark covering from head to foot, however , even in Iran, faces-without the forbidden makeup-were unveiled.
When I returned to Bahrain into 2006, after 16 years away, I found the changes in dress startling. Not more contemporary, as I would have predicted during the 80s, however , distinctly more common. In the malls, many female wore the ankle length dark colored abaya, but its model had changed. No longer a cape that covered the head and extended throughout the body, the abaya had transitioned to a dark colored, ankle-length apparel, supplemented by a black head covering that usually included a veil over the face.
Although former students told me that a lot of of the veiled lady were from Saudi Arabia, now easily accessible over the causeway that connected the two nations, a lot of Bahrainis dressed the same. "Why the change? " I asked into every conversation.
Diverse explanations were proposed, though all centered on the fact that Muslims felt their faith to be threatened, and attire became a way of affirming their Muslim identity.
Certain suggested that the Khomeini Revolution, the Afghan-Soviet conflict, or the Gulf War of 1990 had triggered the concern. Others proposed that the changing role of woman, with much greater involvement towards higher education and employment, led them to choose conservative outfit to demonstrate that a change in to life model was not a rejection for the faith.
I returned in to 2009 wondering if the style toward standard apparel had intensified. It had not. Perhaps not enough time has passed for a definite conclusion, but my impression is that fewer women veil their faces and the abaya has become a more popular outer covering. The cover picture for my book was taken this year and although most of the females wear an abaya, it's not the classic sleeveless cape. Wide, embroidered sleeves are clearly visible. Most for the girl wear a dark scarf over their hair though on the background are many with discovered heads and no abaya. This is also what I observed on the street and merchants.
Unlike Iran or Saudi Arabia, Bahrain has no laws regulating women's attire. The pressure to conform to what others are putting on, felt by women everywhere, has a major role into determining dress towards Bahrain. Probably the choices are more complex there due to the fact for the tension among the religiously backed tradition and newer trends that assert a changed role for woman.
Both Saudi Arabia and Iran have laws governing woman's dress. I had little direct experience with Saudi women's costume on my recent trip, however , I spent nearly two weeks in to Iran.
As I planned my Iranian trip, I remembered the dress restrictions inaugurated by Khomeini towards 1979 and imposed by harsh treatment of female who protested. With this in mind, I borrowed an abaya with sleeves and packed several scarves to cover my head. Although I saw similar outfit in to rural provinces, I was out of action on the cities, where the lady have largely abandoned the ankle-length chador (abaya). The new style is a knee-length, fitted coat-dress worn over pants. Far from shapeless, this manteau is usually cinched having a wide belt, producing a rather modern and funky gaze.
Other restrictions enforced on the early Khomeini years are too gone. Make-up is universal, and although a scarf is required by law, inches of hair show on all girl besides those into official positions who wear a uniform dark-colored scarf that fits lightly around the oval of their face. No faces are veiled.
I eventually abandoned my efforts to costume inconspicuously. When I did not wear my borrowed abaya on the cities, I was left with my normal cotton pants and long sleeved shirts. Provided my head was covered, these were perfectly acceptable by Iranian law, however the light colors I normally wear drew attention into a society where woman universally wear dark colored colors. Underneath a navy blue manteau, an Iranian college female might wear blue jeans, however , the on the whole effect is dark-colored.
This is not true for school girls for whom pastels are the rule. I saw numerous girls, aged perhaps 7 to 14, as they left school or were on their way home and all wore pants covered by a knee length tunic with a head covering for the same color. Each school had its special color. Pale blue and pink seemed to be trendy choices. Are light colors considered suitable only for children, with darker colors indicating maturity? I could just observe.
Muslim female towards all countries dress in to compliance to the Islamic mandate that their bodies be covered from neck to ankles. Although Bahrain and Iran are close geographically, girl apparel quite differently. My tentative conclusion, based on limited time in these two countries, is that women's attire during the Middle East is diverse and evolving. My tentative conclusion, based on limited time in these two nations, is that women's apparel while in the Middle East is diverse and evolving.
True, the Khomeini Revolution forced Iranian woman back into dark covering from head to foot, however , even in Iran, faces-without the forbidden makeup-were unveiled.
When I returned to Bahrain into 2006, after 16 years away, I found the changes in dress startling. Not more contemporary, as I would have predicted during the 80s, however , distinctly more common. In the malls, many female wore the ankle length dark colored abaya, but its model had changed. No longer a cape that covered the head and extended throughout the body, the abaya had transitioned to a dark colored, ankle-length apparel, supplemented by a black head covering that usually included a veil over the face.
Although former students told me that a lot of of the veiled lady were from Saudi Arabia, now easily accessible over the causeway that connected the two nations, a lot of Bahrainis dressed the same. "Why the change? " I asked into every conversation.
Diverse explanations were proposed, though all centered on the fact that Muslims felt their faith to be threatened, and attire became a way of affirming their Muslim identity.
Certain suggested that the Khomeini Revolution, the Afghan-Soviet conflict, or the Gulf War of 1990 had triggered the concern. Others proposed that the changing role of woman, with much greater involvement towards higher education and employment, led them to choose conservative outfit to demonstrate that a change in to life model was not a rejection for the faith.
I returned in to 2009 wondering if the style toward standard apparel had intensified. It had not. Perhaps not enough time has passed for a definite conclusion, but my impression is that fewer women veil their faces and the abaya has become a more popular outer covering. The cover picture for my book was taken this year and although most of the females wear an abaya, it's not the classic sleeveless cape. Wide, embroidered sleeves are clearly visible. Most for the girl wear a dark scarf over their hair though on the background are many with discovered heads and no abaya. This is also what I observed on the street and merchants.
Unlike Iran or Saudi Arabia, Bahrain has no laws regulating women's attire. The pressure to conform to what others are putting on, felt by women everywhere, has a major role into determining dress towards Bahrain. Probably the choices are more complex there due to the fact for the tension among the religiously backed tradition and newer trends that assert a changed role for woman.
Both Saudi Arabia and Iran have laws governing woman's dress. I had little direct experience with Saudi women's costume on my recent trip, however , I spent nearly two weeks in to Iran.
As I planned my Iranian trip, I remembered the dress restrictions inaugurated by Khomeini towards 1979 and imposed by harsh treatment of female who protested. With this in mind, I borrowed an abaya with sleeves and packed several scarves to cover my head. Although I saw similar outfit in to rural provinces, I was out of action on the cities, where the lady have largely abandoned the ankle-length chador (abaya). The new style is a knee-length, fitted coat-dress worn over pants. Far from shapeless, this manteau is usually cinched having a wide belt, producing a rather modern and funky gaze.
Other restrictions enforced on the early Khomeini years are too gone. Make-up is universal, and although a scarf is required by law, inches of hair show on all girl besides those into official positions who wear a uniform dark-colored scarf that fits lightly around the oval of their face. No faces are veiled.
I eventually abandoned my efforts to costume inconspicuously. When I did not wear my borrowed abaya on the cities, I was left with my normal cotton pants and long sleeved shirts. Provided my head was covered, these were perfectly acceptable by Iranian law, however the light colors I normally wear drew attention into a society where woman universally wear dark colored colors. Underneath a navy blue manteau, an Iranian college female might wear blue jeans, however , the on the whole effect is dark-colored.
This is not true for school girls for whom pastels are the rule. I saw numerous girls, aged perhaps 7 to 14, as they left school or were on their way home and all wore pants covered by a knee length tunic with a head covering for the same color. Each school had its special color. Pale blue and pink seemed to be trendy choices. Are light colors considered suitable only for children, with darker colors indicating maturity? I could just observe.
Muslim female towards all countries dress in to compliance to the Islamic mandate that their bodies be covered from neck to ankles. Although Bahrain and Iran are close geographically, girl apparel quite differently. My tentative conclusion, based on limited time in these two countries, is that women's attire during the Middle East is diverse and evolving. My tentative conclusion, based on limited time in these two nations, is that women's apparel while in the Middle East is diverse and evolving.
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